Saint of the Day 20/May
Saint of the Day
(May 20)
✠ St. Bernardino of Siena ✠
Born: September 8, 1380,
Massa Marittima, Italy
Died: May 20, 1444,
L'Aquila, Italy
Canonized: 24 May 1450, Rome, Papal States by Pope Nicholas V
Beatified: 24 November 1449
Venerated in: Roman Catholic Church
Books: Saint Bernardine of Siena. Sermons
Parents: Raniera degli Avveduti, Albertollo degli Albizeschi
Symbols :
• Short, elderly Franciscan holding a tablet inscribed IHS • Short, elderly Franciscan with three mitres at his feet representing the bishoprics he rejected • Sun inscribed IHS • Tablet inscribed IHS
Saint Bernardin, a true disciple of Saint Francis, and an admirable preacher of the word of God, inflamed with the most ardent love of our divine Redeemer, was made by God an instrument to kindle the same holy fire in innumerable souls, and to inspire them with his spirit of humility and meekness. He was born at Massa in 1380, of the noble family of Albizeschi, in the republic of Sienna. He lost his mother when he was but three years old, and his father, who was chief magistrate of Massa, before he was seven. The care of his education devolved on a virtuous aunt called Diana, who infused into his tender soul ardent sentiments of piety towards God, and a tender devotion to his blessed mother. This aunt always loved him as if he had been her own son; and indeed his towardly disposition won him exceedingly the affections of all who ever had the care of him. He was modest, humble, and devout; and took great delight in prayer, visiting churches, serving at mass, and hearing sermons, which he would repeat again to his companions with an admirable memory, and gracefulness of action. In that tender age he had a great compassion for the poor. One day it happened that his aunt sent away a poor person from the door without an alms, because there was but one loaf in the house for the dinner of the family. Bernardin was much troubled to see the beggar go away unrelieved, and said to his aunt, “For God’s sake, let us give something to this poor man; otherwise I will neither dine nor sup this day. I had rather the poor should have a dinner than myself.” This wonderfully comforted his good aunt, who never ceased to incite him to all virtues, and, according to his strength, to accustom himself by degrees to fasting. Young as he was, he fasted every Saturday in honour of the Blessed Virgin; which pious custom he always continued. At eleven years of age he was called to Sienna by his uncles, and put to school under the ablest masters, who all admired the quickness of his parts, and the solidity of his judgment; but much more his docility, modesty, and virtue. If he chanced to hear any word the least unbecoming, he, by blushing, testified what confusion it gave him, and how much it wounded his very heart; and though he was otherwise most condescending, civil, and respectful to all, he could never bear with patience any indecent discourse. For a single word of that kind he so severely reprimanded a man of quality, that it was to him a warning during the remainder of his life to govern his tongue; and many years after, hearing Bernardin preach, he was so moved, that he seemed to be drowned in tears. The modesty of the virtuous youth was a check to the most impudent, and kept them in awe in his presence: in whatever company, if the conversation was too free, it was dropped when he appeared, and the very loosest rakes would say, “Hush! here comes Bernardin:” as the presence of Cato among the Romans restrained the lewd libertinism of a festival. 1 Nor did the saint behave on these occasions in such a manner as might render virtue the subject of ridicule, but with a surprising dignity. Nevertheless, an impure monster had once the insolence to make an attempt upon his virginal purity, and to solicit him to sin. But the saint, not content to testify his scorn and indignation, excited the whole troop of his little innocent play-fellows against the lewd villain, who pelted him with clods and stones, and made him ashamed any more to show his face. Bernardin was exceedingly comely and beautiful; but his known virtue secured him from any further assaults; and he never ceased to beg of God the grace of purity, particularly through the intercession of the Blessed Virgin Mary. When he had completed the course of his philosophy, he applied himself to the study of civil and canon law, and afterwards to that of the holy scriptures with such ardour, that he could never from that time relish any other study. 1
At seventeen years of age he enrolled himself in the confraternity of our Lady in the hospital of Scala to serve the sick. Here he began with new vigour to tame his flesh by severe fasts, watchings, hair-shirts, disciplines, and other austerities; but he applied himself more to the interior mortification of his will, which rendered him always most mild, sweet, patient, and affable to every one. He had served this hospital four years, when, in 1400, a dreadful pestilence which had already made great havoc in several other parts of Italy, and was increased by the concourse of pilgrims to the jubilee, reached Sienna; insomuch, that twelve, eighteen, or twenty persons died every day in this hospital, and among others were carried off almost all the priests, apothecaries, and servants who belonged to the place. Bernardin, therefore, persuaded twelve young men to bear him company in the service of the hospital, beseeching heaven for their speedy recompense; and they all strove which should come up the nearest to Bernardin in cheerfulness, humility, and assiduity in performing the most abject offices, and in exerting themselves in the service of the sick. The saint was intrusted in a manner with the whole care of the hospital, which, in the space of four months, he put into excellent order. It is hardly credible how many lives he saved, or with what charity and pains he night and day attended the patients, and furnished them with every comfort and succour which it was in his power to afford them. God preserved him from the contagion during these four months, at the end of which the pestilence ceased. He then returned home, but sick of a fever which he had contracted by his fatigues, which obliged him to keep his bed four months; during which time he edified the city, no less by his resignation and patience, than he had done by his charity. He was scarcely well recovered when he returned to the like works of charity, and with incredible patience attended a dying aunt, for fourteen months, named Bartholom├жa, a woman of great piety, who was blind and bed-ridden. When God had called her to himself, Bernardin retired to a house at some distance from the city, making the walls of his garden the bounds of his inclosure. Here, in solitude, fasting, and prayer, he endeavoured to learn the will of God in the choice of a state of life. After some time he took the habit of the Order of Saint Francis, among the fathers of the Strict Observance at Colombiere, a solitary convent a few miles from Sienna; and after the year of his novitiate, made his profession on the 8th of September, 1404. Having been born on the feast of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin, out of devotion to her, he chose the same day for the principal actions of his life: on it he took the religious habit, made his vows, said his first mass, and preached his first sermon. His fervour increased daily; and whilst some sought interpretations to mollify the severity of the rule, he was always studying to add to it greater austerities and heroic practices of virtue, the more perfectly to crucify in himself the old man. He was pleased with insults and humiliations, and whatever could be agreeable to the most ardent spirit of humility and self-denial. When he went through the streets in a threadbare short habit, the boys sometimes cast stones at him, with injurious language; in which contempt the saint found a singular joy and satisfaction. He showed the same sentiments when a near kinsman with bitter invectives reproached him, as disgracing his friends by the mean and contemptible manner of life he had embraced. These and all other virtues he learned in the living book of Christ crucified, which he studied night and day, often prostrate before a crucifix, from which he seemed one day to hear our Lord speak thus to him: “My son, behold me hanging upon a cross: if thou lovest me, or art desirous to imitate me, be thou also fastened naked to thy cross, and follow me; thus thou wilt assuredly find me.” In the same school he learned an insatiable zeal for the salvation of souls, redeemed by the blood of Christ. Having in retirement prepared himself for the office of preaching, his superiors ordered him to employ his talent that way for the benefit of others. He laboured under a natural impediment from weakness and hoarseness of voice; the removal of which obstacle he obtained by addressing himself to his glorious patroness, the mother of God. For fourteen years his labours were confined to his own country; but when the reputation of his virtue was spread abroad, he shone as a bright light to the whole church. 2
In vain doth the minister of God confide in the weak resources of mere human eloquence and pomp of words, by which he rather debases the dignity and majesty of the sacred oracles: whilst he pleases the ear and gains the applause of his audience, he leaves their hearts dry. The great apostle of Andalusia, the venerable holy John D’Avila, being desired to lay down some rules for the art of preaching, answered, he knew no other art than the most ardent love of God and zeal for his honour. He used to say to young clergymen, that one word spoken by a man of prayer would do more good and have a more powerful influence than all the most eloquent discourses; for it is only the language of the heart that speaks to the heart; and a life of mortification and prayer not only draws down the dew of the divine benediction upon the labours of the preacher, but it replenishes his soul with a sincere spirit of humility, compunction, and all virtues, and with an experimental knowledge and feeling sense of the great truths which he delivers. Zealous ministers who are filled with the Spirit of God, are a great blessing to the people among whom they labour; and this reflection unfolds the secret how saints possess so extraordinary a grace of converting souls to God. This was the excellent talent of Bernardin. They who heard him preach felt their souls to melt in sentiments of compunction, divine love, humility, and the contempt of the world, and returned home new men, striking their breasts, and bathed in tears. The word of God was in his mouth as a fire, and as a hammer breaking the hardest rocks. Another eminent preacher of his Order being asked the reason why his sermons did not produce equal fruit with those of Bernardin, answered, “Brother Bernardin is a fiery glowing coal. What is only warm hath not the power of kindling a fire in others like the burning coal.” The saint himself being consulted what was the way to preach with profit, gave this rule: “In all your actions seek in the first place the kingdom of God and his glory; direct all you do purely to his honour; persevere in brotherly charity, and practise first all that you desire to teach others. By this means the Holy Ghost will be your master, and will give you such wisdom and such a tongue that no adversary will be able to stand against you.” This he faithfully practised, and from his assiduous communication with God he imbibed that eminent spirit of virtue which gave him the most powerful ascendant over the hearts of men. Among the great truths of religion, he principally laboured to inculcate a sincere contempt of the vanity of the world, and an ardent love of our blessed Redeemer. He wished he could cry out with a trumpet which could be heard over the whole earth, that he might sound aloud in the ears of all men that great oracle of the Holy Ghost: O ye sons of men, how long will you be dull of heart? Why do you love vanity, and seek after lying? 2 O children, how long will you love childishness? 3 And he never ceased with the thunder of his voice to raise men from grovelling always on this earth, to the important consideration of the things which belong to their eternal welfare, and to the love of Jesus Christ. So much was he affected with the mysteries of the incarnation and sufferings of the Son of God, that he could never pronounce his sacred name without appearing in transports of love and adoration. Often at the end of his sermon he showed to the people the sacred name of Jesus curiously cut on a board with gold letters, inviting them to adore Christ with him on their knees, reciting a pious doxology. This was misconstrued by some, who also cavilled at certain expressions which he had used. Upon their complaints, Pope Martin V. summoned him to appear, and commanded him silence for a while. The humble saint meekly acquiesced without making any reply. But his holiness, after a full examination of his doctrine and conduct, dismissed him with his benediction, high commendations, and ample leave to preach everywhere. The same pope pressed him to accept the bishopric of Sienna in 1427; but he declined that dignity, alleging for his excuse, that if he were confined to one church he could no longer employ himself in the service of so many souls. In 1431 he no less resolutely refused that of Ferrara, which Eugenius III. earnestly desired to confer upon him, and again that of Urbino, in 1435. When the saint preached first at Milan, the haughty duke Philip Mary Visconti 4 took offence at certain things which he had said in his sermons, and threatened him with death if he should presume to speak any more on such subjects; but the saint declared, that no greater happiness could befal him than to die for the truth. The duke, to try him, sent him a present of one hundred ducats of gold in a golden bowl. The saint excused himself from receiving the money to two different messengers; but being compelled by a third to accept it, he took the messenger with him to the prisons, and laid it all out in his presence in releasing debtors. This disinterestedness turned the duke’s aversion into the greatest veneration for the saint ever after. 3
Saint Bernardin preached several times through the greater part of Italy; some say also in Spain; but this seems uncertain. Nothing was more spoken of over all Italy than the wonderful fruit of his sermons, miraculous conversions, restitution of ill-gotten goods, reparations of injuries, and heroic examples of virtue. The factions of the Guelfs and Ghibellins then horribly divided many cities of Italy, and gave frequent employment to the saint. Hearing once of a great dissension at Perugia, he hastened thither from the marquisate of Ancona, and entering the city thus addressed the inhabitants: “God, who is highly offended at this division among you, hath sent me, as his angel, to proclaim peace to men of good will upon earth.” After preaching four sermons to persuade them to a mutual forgiveness of all injuries, and a general amnesty, at the end of the last he bade all those who forgave each other and desired to live in peace, to pass to the right hand. All present did so except one young nobleman, who staid on the left, muttering something between his teeth. The saint, after a severe reproach, foretold him his sudden death, which happened soon after, and without the benefit of the sacraments. In 1433 he accompanied the emperor Sigismund to his coronation at Rome; after which he retired for a short time to Sienna, where he put the finishing hand to his works.
Amidst the greatest applause and honours, the most sincere humility always appeared in his words and actions; and he ever studied to conceal the talents with which God had enriched him. How great his esteem of humility was he testified when a brother of his Order asked him the means by which he might speedily arrive at perfection. The saint, instead of giving him any answer by words, threw himself at his feet; showing at the same time his own great affection to humility, and also that this virtue raises the soul to divine love and every grace. God, however, was pleased to honour his servant before men. Besides several predictions and miraculous cures of many lepers and other sick persons, the saint is recorded to have raised four dead persons to life. He was appointed vicar-general of his Order of the Strict Observance in Italy, in 1438, in which he settled a rigorous reformation; but, after five years, obtained a discharge from his office; and in his old age continued the function of preaching through Romania, Ferrara, and Lombardy. He returned to Sienna in 1444, preached a most pathetic farewell sermon at Massa on concord and unity, and being taken ill of a malignant fever on the road, still preached as usual till he arrived at Aquila in Abruzzo. There, being confined to his bed, he prepared himself for his passage out of this life by the rites of the church. When he was speechless he made a sign to be taken off his bed and laid upon the floor; where, lifting up his eyes to heaven, he surrendered his pure soul into the hands of his Creator on the 20th of May, 1444, after a life of sixty-three years, eight months, and thirteen days. His tomb was rendered illustrious by many miracles, and he was canonized by Nicholas V. in 1450. His body is kept in a crystal shrine, enclosed in one of silver, in the church of his Order at Aquila.
confin├й ├а une ├йglise, il ne pouvait plus s'employer au service de tant d'├вmes. En 1431 il pas moins r├йsolument refus├й que de Ferrare, qui Eug├иne III. ardemment d├йsir├й lui conf├йrer, et encore celle d'Urbino, en 1435. Lorsque le saint pr├кchait d'abord ├а Milan, le hautain duc Philippe Marie Visconti 4 a offens├й certaines choses qu'il avait dit dans ses sermons, et l'a menac├й de mort si il devrait l'audace de dire plus sur ces sujets; mais le saint a d├йclar├й que personne ne pouvait le plus grand bonheur befal que de mourir pour la v├йrit├й. Le duc, pour l'├йprouver, lui a envoy├й un cadeau de cent ducats d'or dans un bol d'or. Le saint s'excusa de recevoir l'argent ├а deux messagers diff├йrents; mais ├йtant contraint par un tiers ├а l'accepter, il a pris le messager avec lui dans les prisons, et la posa tout en sa pr├йsence ├а la lib├йration des d├йbiteurs. Cette aversion se d├йsint├йressement du duc dans la plus grande v├йn├йration pour le saint toujours. 3
Saint Bernardin a pr├кch├й ├а plusieurs reprises par la partie sup├йrieure de l'Italie; Certains disent aussi en Espagne; mais cela semble incertain. Rien n'a ├йt├й plus parl├й sur toute l'Italie que le fruit merveilleux de ses sermons, des conversions miraculeuses, la restitution des biens mal acquis, r├йparation des blessures et des exemples h├йro├пques de vertu. Les factions des Guelfes et Gibelins alors horriblement divis├йe de nombreuses villes d'Italie, et a donn├й un emploi fr├йquent au saint. En entendant une fois d'une grande dissension ├а P├йrouse, il accourut du marquisat d'Anc├┤ne, et entrer dans la ville adress├йe ainsi les habitants: « Dieu, qui est tr├иs offens├й cette division parmi vous, m'a envoy├й, comme son ange, Proclamer la paix aux hommes de bonne volont├й sur la terre « . Apr├иs avoir pr├кch├й quatre sermons pour les persuader ├а un pardon mutuel de toutes les blessures, et une amnistie g├йn├йrale, ├а la fin de la derni├иre, il souhaita ├а tous ceux qui pardonnait les uns des autres et le d├йsir de vivre en paix, de passer ├а la main droite. Toutes les personnes pr├йsentes l'ont fait, sauf un jeune noble, qui s├йjourna ├а gauche, marmonnant quelque chose entre ses dents. Le saint, apr├иs un reproche s├йv├иre, lui pr├йdit sa mort subite, ce qui est arriv├й peu de temps apr├иs, et sans le b├йn├йfice des sacrements. En 1433, il accompagna l'empereur Sigismond ├а son couronnement ├а Rome; apr├иs quoi il a pris sa retraite pour un peu de temps ├а Sienne, o├╣ il a mis la main ├а ses ┼Уuvres.
Au milieu des plus grands applaudissements et honneurs, le plus sinc├иre humilit├й apparaissait toujours dans ses paroles et ses actions; et jamais il a ├йtudi├й pour cacher les talents que Dieu l'avait enrichi. Combien son estime d'humilit├й ├йtait-il t├йmoign├й quand un fr├иre de son Ordre lui a demand├й les moyens par lesquels il pourrait rapidement arriver ├а la perfection. Le saint, au lieu de lui donner une r├йponse par des paroles, se jeta ├а ses pieds; montrant en m├кme temps sa grande affection ├а l'humilit├й, et que cette vertu ├йl├иve l'├вme ├а l'amour divin et toute gr├вce. Dieu, cependant, a ├йt├й heureux d'honorer son serviteur devant les hommes. En plus de plusieurs pr├йdictions et des gu├йrisons miraculeuses de nombreux l├йpreux et autres malades, le saint est enregistr├й pour avoir ├йlev├й quatre morts ├а la vie. Il a ├йt├й nomm├й vicaire g├йn├йral de son Ordre de la Stricte Observance en Italie, en 1438, dans lequel il a r├йgl├й une r├йforme rigoureuse; mais, au bout de cinq ans, a obtenu une d├йcharge de son bureau; et dans sa vieillesse continue la fonction de la pr├йdication ├а travers la Roumanie, Ferrara et Lombardie. Il est revenu ├а Sienne en 1444, a pr├кch├й un sermon d'adieu le plus path├йtique ├а Massa sur la concorde et de l'unit├й, et d'├кtre malade d'une fi├иvre maligne sur la route, toujours pr├кch├й comme d'habitude jusqu'├а ce qu'il est arriv├й ├а Aquila dans les Abruzzes. L├а, ├йtant confin├й ├а son lit, il se pr├йpare pour son passage de cette vie par les rites de l'├йglise. Quand il ├йtait sans voix, il fit signe ├а prendre de son lit et pos├й sur le sol; o├╣, levant les yeux au ciel, il rendit son ├вme pure entre les mains de son Cr├йateur sur le 20 mai, 1444, apr├иs une vie de soixante-trois ans, huit mois et treize jours. Sa tombe a ├йt├й rendu illustre par de nombreux miracles, et il fut canonis├й par Nicholas V. en 1450. Son corps est conserv├й dans un sanctuaire de cristal, enferm├й dans une d'argent, dans l'├йglise de son Ordre ├а Aquila.
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роЗрой்ро▒ைроп рокுройிродро░்
(рооே 20)
✠ рокுройிродро░் рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ ✠
(St. Bernardino of Siena)
роЗрод்родாро▓ிроп роородроХுро░ு/ роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் рооро▒ைрок்рокрогிропாро│ро░்:
(Italian Priest and Franciscan Missionary)
рокிро▒рок்рокு : роЪெрок்роЯроо்рокро░் 8, 1380
рооро╕்ро╕ா рооро░ிроЯ்роЯிрооா, роЗрод்родாро▓ி
(Massa Marittima, Italy)
роЗро▒рок்рокு : рооே 20, 1444 (ро╡ропродு 63)
роЕроХ்роХிро▓ா, роЗрод்родாро▓ி
(Aquila, Italy)
роПро▒்роХுроо் роЪрооропроо் :
ро░ோроорой் роХрод்родோро▓ிроХ்роХ родிро░ுроЪ்роЪрокை
(Roman Catholic Church)
рокுройிродро░் рокроЯ்роЯроо் : рооே 24, 1450
родிро░ுрод்родрои்родை роРрои்родாроо் роиிроХ்роХோро▓ро╕்
(Pope Nicholas V)
роиிройைро╡ுрод் родிро░ுроиாро│் : рооே 20
рокாродுроХாро╡ро▓் :
ро╡ிро│роо்рокро░родாро░ро░்роХро│் (Advertisers), "роЕроХ்роХிро▓ா" (Aquila),
роЗрод்родாро▓ி (Italy), роиெроЮ்роЪு рокிро░роЪ்роЪிройைроХро│் (Chest problems),
роЪூродாроЯ்роЯ роЕроЯிрооைроХро│் (Gambling addicts),
роХро▓ிроГрокோро░்ройிропா (California),
"роЪேрой் рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ рооро▒ை рооாро╡роЯ்роЯроо்" (Diocese of San Bernardino)
рокுройிродро░் рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ роУро░் роЗрод்родாро▓ிроп роородроХுро░ுро╡ுроо், роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் роЪрокை рооро▒ைрок்рокрогிропாро│ро░ுроо் роЖро╡ாро░். рокродிройைрои்родாроо் роиூро▒்ро▒ாрог்роЯிро▓் роЗрод்родாро▓ி роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் роХрод்родோро▓ிроХ்роХ ро╡ிроЪுро╡ாроЪрод்родிройை рокுройро░рооைрод்родродிро▓் роЗро╡ро░родு роТрок்рокро▒்ро▒ рооுропро▒்роЪிроХро│ுроХ்роХாроХ роЗро╡ро░் роЗрод்родாро▓ிропிрой் роЕрок்рокோро╕்родро▓ро░் (The Apostle of Italy) роОрой்ро▒ро┤ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். роЪிро▒рои்род роиாро╡рой்рооை роХொрог்роЯ роЗро╡ро░், родроородு рокேроЪ்роЪாро▒்ро▒ро▓ாро▓் роЪிро▒рои்род рооро▒ை рокро░рок்рокாро│ро░் роОрой рокெропро░் рокெро▒்ро▒ாро░்.
1380роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роЗрод்родாро▓ி роиாроЯ்роЯிрой் "рооро╕்ро╕ா рооро░ிроЯ்роЯிрооா" (Massa Marittima) роОрой்ро▒ роЗроЯрод்родிрой் роЕрок்рокோродைроп роЖро│ுроиро░ாрой (Governor) "роЖро▓்рокெро░்роЯ்роЯோ" (Albertollo degli Albizeschi) роОрой்рокро╡ро░ிрой் роороХройாроХ рокிро▒рои்род рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ родроородு роЖро▒ு ро╡ропродிро▓ேропே роЕройாродைропாроХ ро╡ிроЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். рокроХ்родிропுро│்ро│ родроородு роЕрод்родைропிрой் рокро░ாрооро░ிрок்рокிро▓் ро╡ро│ро░்рои்родாро░்.
1397роо் роЖрог்роЯு, "роЕро░்роЪ். рооро░ிропா роЯெро▓்ро▓ா ро╕்роХாро▓ா рокேро░ாро▓ропрод்родிрой்" (Santa Maria della Scala Church) рооро░ுрод்родுро╡рооройைропிрой் "роЕрой்ройை рооро░ிропாро│ிрой் роХூроЯ்роЯுро▒ро╡ு" (Confraternity of Our Lady) роОройுроо் роЕрооைрок்рокிро▓் роЗрогைрои்родாро░். рооூрой்ро▒ு ро╡ро░ுроЯроЩ்роХро│ிрой் рокிро▒роХு, родроородு 20 ро╡ропродிро▓் роПро░ாро│рооாрой роЗро│ைроЮро░்роХро│ை роирог்рокро░்роХро│ாроХроХ் роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்род рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ "рокிро│ேроХ்" (Plague) роиோроп் рокро░ро╡ிропрокோродு, родроородு роирог்рокро░்роХро│ிрой் роТрод்родுро┤ைрок்рокுроЯрой் роЪрооூроХроЪேро╡ை роЪெроп்ропுроо் рооுро┤ு рокொро▒ுрок்рокைропுроо் роПро▒்ро▒ாро░். роЕроЩ்роХு роиாро│்родோро▒ுроо் роХுро▒ைрои்родродு 20 рокேро░்роХро│் рокிро│ேроХ் роиோропாро▓் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯு рокро▓ிропாройாро░்роХро│். роЖройாро▓் рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ роЗрои்роиோропைроХ் роХрог்роЯு рокропрок்рокроЯாрооро▓் роиோропாро▓் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯро╡ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு рооுро┤ு роИроЯுрокாроЯ்роЯுроЯрой் родொрог்роЯு рокுро░ிрои்родாро░்.
1403роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் роЪрокைропிрой் роЗро│роо் родுро▒ро╡ிропро░் роЪрокைропிро▓் (Order of Friars Minor) роЗрогைрои்родாро░். 1404роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роХுро░ுрод்родுро╡ роЕро░ுроЯ்рокொро┤ிро╡ு роЪெроп்ро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். рокிрой்ройро░் рокро▓ роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ுроХ்роХுроо், роХாро▓்роироЯைропாроХро╡ே роЪெрой்ро▒ு, рокро▓ роорогிроиேро░роо் рооро▒ைропுро░ை роЖро▒்ро▒ிройாро░். роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் роЪрокைропிрой் родро▓ைрооைрок் рокொро▒ுрок்рокேро▒்ро▒ாро░். роиாро│роЯைро╡ிро▓் родிро░ுрод்родрои்родைропிрой் роЕродிроХாро░роо் рокெро▒்ро▒ு роЗрок்рокродро╡ிропிро▓ிро░ுрои்родு ро╡ிро▓роХிройாро░். рооீрог்роЯுроо் роороХ்роХро│ிроЯைропே рооро▒ைропுро░ைропாро▒்ро▒род் родொроЯроЩ்роХிройாро░். роЙрод்родроо рооройро╕்родாрокроо், родிро░ுрок்рокாроЯுроХро│், рокுрог்рогிропроЩ்роХро│் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роЕро╡ро░родு роХாро▓род்родிро▓் родாрог்роЯро╡рооாроЯிроп роХொроЯுрооைроХро│் роЖроХிропро╡ро▒்ро▒ைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ி рооро▒ைропுро░ைропாро▒்ро▒ிройாро░். роЗропேроЪுро╡ிрой் родிро░ுрок்рокெропро░ைроЪ் роЪொро▓்ро▓ுроо்рокோродு рокுрог்рогிропроо் роЕроЯைроХிро▒ோроо் роОрой்ро▒ுроо், роЕрой்ройை рооро░ிропாро│ைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிропுроо், родூроп ро╡ро│ройாро░ைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிропுроо் роПро░ாро│рооாроХ роОроЯுрод்родுро░ைрод்родு рооро▒ைропுро░ைропாро▒்ро▒ிройாро░். IHS роОрой்рокродு роЗропேроЪு роОрой்ройுроо் родிро░ுрок்рокெропро░ிрой் роЪுро░ுроХ்роХроо் роОрой்ро▒ுрогро░்рои்родு, роЗрои்род 3 роОро┤ுрод்родுроХ்роХро│ைропுроо் роЕро┤роХாроХ роУро░் роПроЯ்роЯிро▓் ро╡ро░ைрои்родு, роЕродை роороХ்роХро│் рооீродு ро╡ைрод்родு роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ை роЕро░்роЪ்роЪிрод்родு роЖроЪீро░்ро╡родிрок்рокродை ро╡ро┤роХ்роХрооாроХ роХொрог்роЯிро░ுрои்родாро░்.
роЗро╡ро░родு роЕро░்род்родрооுро│்ро│, роЙро░ுроХ்роХрооாрой рооро▒ைропுро░ைропைроХ் роХேроЯ்роХ, роЪிро▓ ро╡ேро│ைроХро│ிро▓் 50,000 рокேро░ுроХ்роХுроо் рооேро▓ாроХ роЖро▓ропрод்родிро▓ுроо், ро╡ெро│ிропிро▓ுроо் роХாрод்родிро░ுрок்рокாро░்роХро│். роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│ைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிропுроо், роХрой்ройிропро░்роХро│ைрок் рокро▒்ро▒ிропுроо் рокொродுроиிро▓ைропிройро░் роОрок்рокோродுроо் родро╡ро▒ாроХ рокேроЪாрооро▓், рооிроХро╡ுроо் роХрог்рогிропрооாроХрок் рокேроЪ ро╡ேрог்роЯுрооெрой்ро▒ுроо், роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ிрой் роХுро▒்ро▒роЩ்роХро│ைрок் рокொродுроиிро▓ைропிройро░் рокொродு роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рокேроЪிрод் родிро░ிропроХ்роХூроЯாродு роОрой்ро▒ுроо் роЗро╡ро░் роОрок்рокோродுроо் роЕро▒ிро╡ுро░ை роХூро▒ி ро╡рои்родுро│்ро│ாро░். роЗро╡ро░் IHS роОрой்ро▒ роЗропேроЪுро╡ிрой் рокெропро░ுроХ்роХு роХாроЯ்роЯிроп роЪிро▒рок்рокு рокроХ்родி ро╡ிро│роХ்роХроо், ро╡ிро░ைро╡ிро▓் роороХ்роХро│ிроЯைропே рокро░ро╡ிропродு. роЗроЪ்роЪிрой்ройроо் роЖро▓ропроЩ்роХро│ிро▓ுроо், ро╡ீроЯுроХро│ிро▓ுроо், рокொродு роЗроЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓ுроо் ро╡ро░ைропрок்рокроЯ்роЯு ро╡рогроХ்роХроо் роЪெро▓ுрод்родрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு. роЗродройாро▓் роЗро╡ро░்рооேро▓் рокொро▒ாрооைроХ் роХொрог்роЯ роЪிро▓ро░் роЗро╡ро░ைрок்рокро▒்ро▒ி рооூрой்ро▒ு рооுро▒ை родிро░ுрод்родрои்родைропிроЯроо் роХுро▒்ро▒роЮ்роЪாроЯ்роЯிройро░். роЖройாро▓் роЗро╡ро░родு рокுройிродроо், роЗроХ்роХுро▒்ро▒роЪ்роЪாроЯ்роЯுроХро│ிрой் роироЯுро╡ே, рооுрои்родைроп роиிро▓ைропைро╡ிроЯ рооிроХро╡ுроо் роЕродிроХрооாроХро╡ே роХூроЯிропродு. роЗро╡ро░் роЗрод்родாро▓ி роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓ேропே рооிроХроЪ்роЪிро▒рои்род рооро▒ைрокோродроХрок் рокேроЪ்роЪாро│ро░ாроХ родிроХро┤்рои்родாро░்.
роЗро╡ро░் роЪрокைрод்родро▓ைро╡ро░ாроХ роЗро░ுроХ்роХுроо்рокோродு ро╡ெро▒ுроо் 300 рокேро░் роороЯ்роЯுрооே роЗроЪ்роЪрокைропிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родройро░். рокро▓ роЪீро░்родிро░ுрод்родроо் рокெро▒்ро▒родрой்рокிрой், роЗроЪ்роЪрокை роЖро▓்рокோро▓் родро┤ைрод்родு, роЗро╡ро░родு роЗро▒ுродி роиாроЯ்роХро│ிро▓் роПро▒роХ்роХுро▒ைроп 4000 рокேро░ாроХ рокொро▓ிро╡ுроЯрой் ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХிропродு. родрой் рооро▒ைрокோродроХ рокрогிропாро▓் рокро▓ро░ை роЗро▒ைро╡рой்рокாро▓் роИро░்род்род рокெро░்ройாро░்роЯிройோ роЗро▒ைроороХрой் роЗропேроЪு ро╡ிрог்рогேро▒்рокு роЕроЯைрои்род роиாро│рой்ро▒ு рооро░ிрод்родாро░்.
___
Saint du jour
(20 mai)
✠ saint Bernardin de Sienne ✠
N├й: 8 Septembre 1380,
Massa Marittima, Italie
D├йc├йd├й: 20 mai 1444,
L'Aquila, en Italie
Canonis├й: 24 mai 1450, Rome, Etats pontificaux par le pape Nicolas V
B├йatifi├й: 24 Novembre 1449
V├йn├йr├й dans: Eglise catholique romaine
Livres: Saint Bernardin de Sienne. sermons
Parents: Raniera degli Avveduti, Albertollo degli Albizeschi
Symboles: Short, personnes ├вg├йes Franciscain tenant un comprim├й inscrit IHS • Short, personnes ├вg├йes franciscain avec trois mitres ├а ses pieds repr├йsentant les ├йv├кch├йs il a rejet├й • Sun inscrit IHS • Tablette inscrit IHS
Saint Bernardin, un vrai disciple de saint Fran├зois, et un pr├йdicateur admirable de la parole de Dieu, enflamm├й avec le plus ardent amour de notre divin R├йdempteur, a ├йt├й faite par Dieu un instrument pour allumer le m├кme feu sacr├й dans les ├вmes innombrables, et d'inspirer eux avec son esprit d'humilit├й et de douceur. Il est n├й ├а Massa en 1380, de la noble famille de Albizeschi, dans la r├йpublique de Sienne. Il a perdu sa m├иre quand il ├йtait, mais trois ans, et son p├иre, qui ├йtait le premier magistrat de Massa, avant qu'il ne soit sept ans. La prise en charge de son ├йducation d├йvolue ├а une tante vertueuse appel├йe Diana, qui infuse dans son ├вme tendre des sentiments ardents de pi├йt├й envers Dieu, et une tendre d├йvotion ├а sa m├иre b├йnie. Cette tante l'aimait toujours comme s'il avait ├йt├й son propre fils; et en effet sa disposition towardly lui a valu l'affection extr├кmement de tous ceux qui jamais eu le soin de lui. Il ├йtait modeste, humble et pieux; et a pris grand plaisir dans la pri├иre, visiter des ├йglises, qui sert ├а la messe, et sermons entendre, qu'il r├йp├йtera ├а nouveau ├а ses compagnons avec une m├йmoire admirable, et gracefulness d'action. Dans cet ├вge tendre, il avait une grande compassion pour les pauvres. Un jour, il arriva que sa tante renvoya une personne pauvre de la porte sans l'aum├┤ne, parce qu'il n'y avait qu'un seul pain dans la maison pour le d├оner de la famille. Bernardin ├йtait tr├иs troubl├й de voir le mendiant aller loin non soulag├йe, et dit ├а sa tante, « Pour l'amour de Dieu, laissez-nous donner quelque chose ├а ce pauvre homme; sinon je d├оnerai ni ne sup ce jour. J'ai eu plut├┤t les pauvres devraient avoir un d├оner que moi-m├кme « . Ce consola merveilleusement sa bonne tante, qui n'a jamais cess├й de l'inciter ├а toutes les vertus, et, selon sa force, s'accoutumer par degr├йs ├а jeun. Jeune comme il ├йtait, il je├╗nait tous les samedis en l'honneur de la Sainte Vierge; qui pieuse coutume, il a toujours continu├й. A onze ans, il a ├йt├й appel├й ├а Sienne par ses oncles, et mis ├а l'├йcole sous les ma├оtres les plus comp├йtents, qui ont tous admir├й la rapidit├й de ses parties, et la solidit├й de son jugement; mais beaucoup plus sa docilit├й, la modestie et la vertu. S'il advint d'entendre un mot le moins inconvenant, il en rougissant, a t├йmoign├й quelle confusion il lui a donn├й, et combien il bless├й son c┼Уur; et bien qu'il en ├йtait autrement plus condescendant, civil et respectueux ├а tous, il n'a jamais pu supporter avec patience tout discours ind├йcent. Pour un seul mot de ce genre il si s├йv├иrement r├йprimand├й un homme de qualit├й, qu'il lui ├йtait un avertissement pendant le reste de sa vie ├а gouverner sa langue; et plusieurs ann├йes apr├иs, en entendant Bernardin pr├кchez, il ├йtait tellement ├йmu, qu'il semblait ├кtre noy├й dans les larmes. La modestie de la jeunesse vertueuse ├йtait un ch├иque au plus impudent, et les a gard├йs dans la crainte en sa pr├йsence: quelle que soit la soci├йt├й, si la conversation ├йtait trop libre, il a ├йt├й abandonn├й quand il est apparu, et les tr├иs l├вches r├вteaux dirait, « Faire taire! ici vient Bernardin: » la pr├йsence de Caton chez les Romains retenu le libertinage impudique d'un festival. 1 n'a pas non plus saint ├а se comporter ces occasions de telle mani├иre que pourrait rendre la vertu au sujet du ridicule, mais avec une dignit├й surprenante. N├йanmoins, un monstre impur avait une fois l'insolence de faire une tentative sur sa puret├й virginale, et de le solliciter au p├йch├й. Mais le saint, ne se contente pas de t├йmoigner son m├йpris et l'indignation, excit├й toute la troupe de ses petits innocents play-camarades contre le m├йchant impudique, qui l'a bombard├й avec des mottes de terre et des pierres, et lui a fait honte plus de montrer son visage. Bernardin ├йtait tr├иs belle et belle; mais sa vertu connue lui a assur├й de toute nouvelle agression; et il n'a jamais cess├й de demander ├а Dieu la gr├вce de la puret├й, en particulier par l'intercession de la Vierge Tr├иs Sainte Vierge. Quand il eut termin├й le cours de sa philosophie, il s'appliqua ├а l'├йtude du droit civil et canonique, et ensuite ├а celle des saintes ├Йcritures avec une telle ardeur, qu'il ne pouvait jamais de cette d├йlectation de temps toute autre ├йtude. 1
A dix-sept ans, il s'inscrit ├а la confr├йrie de Notre-Dame ├а l'h├┤pital de Scala pour servir les malades. Ici, il a commenc├й avec une nouvelle vigueur ├а dompter sa chair par les je├╗nes s├йv├иres, cheveux, veilles-shirts, des disciplines et autres aust├йrit├йs; mais il s'applique plus ├а l'int├йrieur de mortification sa volont├й, ce qui le rendait toujours plus doux, doux, patient et affable ├а chacun. Il avait servi cet h├┤pital quatre ans, quand, en 1400, un terrible pestilence qui avait d├йj├а fait de grands ravages dans plusieurs autres r├йgions de l'Italie, et a ├йt├й augment├й par la foule des p├иlerins au jubil├й, a atteint Sienne; ├а tel point, que douze, dix-huit ou vingt personnes meurent chaque jour dans cet h├┤pital, et entre autres ont ├йt├й emmen├йs presque tous les pr├кtres, apothicaires et serviteurs qui appartenaient ├а l'endroit. Bernardin, donc persuad├й douze jeunes hommes ├а lui tenir compagnie au service de l'h├┤pital, le ciel implorant pour leur r├йcompense rapide; et ils ont tous Strove qui devrait trouver le plus proche de Bernardin dans la bonne humeur, l'humilit├й et dans l'ex├йcution de bureaux assiduit├йs les plus abjectes, et en eux-m├кmes exer├зant au service des malades. Le saint a ├йt├й confi├йe de mani├иre avec soin l'ensemble de l'h├┤pital, qui, en l'espace de quatre mois, il a mis en excellent ├йtat. Il est ├а peine croyable combien de vies il a sauv├й, ou avec ce que la charit├й et des douleurs il jour et nuit ont assist├й aux patients, et leur fournit tout le confort et le secours qu'il ├йtait en son pouvoir de les payer. Dieu l'a pr├йserv├й de la contagion au cours de ces quatre mois, ├а la fin de laquelle la pestilence a cess├й. Il a ensuite retourn├й chez lui, mais malade d'une fi├иvre qu'il avait contract├й par ses fatigues, qui l'obligeait ├а garder le lit quatre mois; au cours de laquelle il ├йdifia la ville, pas moins par sa d├йmission et de patience, qu'il ne l'avait fait par sa charit├й. Il ├йtait ├а peine bien r├йcup├йr├й quand il est revenu ├а l'comme des ┼Уuvres de charit├й, et avec une patience incroyable a assist├й ├а une tante mourante, pendant quatorze mois, du nom Bartholom├жa, une femme d'une grande pi├йt├й, qui ├йtait aveugle et alit├й. Quand Dieu l'avait appel├й ├а lui-m├кme, Bernardin se retira dans une maison ├а une certaine distance de la ville, ce qui rend les murs de son jardin, les limites de son enceinte. Ici, dans la solitude, le je├╗ne et la pri├иre, il a essay├й d'apprendre la volont├й de Dieu dans le choix d'un ├йtat de vie. Apr├иs un certain temps, il a pris l'habitude de l'Ordre de Saint-Fran├зois, parmi les p├иres de la Stricte Observance au Colombi├иre, un couvent solitaire ├а quelques miles de Sienne; et apr├иs l'ann├йe de son noviciat, a fait sa profe
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