Saint of the Day 02/September






Saint of the Day

(September 02)

✠  Blessed John Francis Burt├й and Companions ✠

Martyres:

Born: ----

Died: September 2, 1792, and
January 21, 1794

Venerated in:
Roman Catholic Church

Feast: September 2

Practically every page in the history of the French Revolution is stained with blood. What is known in history as the Carmelite Massacre of 1792, added nearly 200 victims to this noble company of martyrs? They were all priests, secular and religious, who refused to take the schismatic oath and had been imprisoned in the church attached to the Carmelite monastery in Paris. Among these priests were a Conventual, a Capuchin, and a member of the Third Order Regular.  These priests were victims of the French Revolution.

Though their martyrdom spans a period of several years, they stand together in the Church’s memory because they all gave their lives for the same principle. The Civil Constitution of the Clergy (1791) required all priests to take an oath which amounted to a denial of the faith. Each of these men refused and was executed.

John Francis Burte was born in the town of Rambervillers in Lorraine. At the age of 16, he joined the Franciscans at Nancy and there he also pronounced his solemn vows. In due time he has ordained a priest and for some time taught theology to the younger members of the order. He was at one time also superior of his convent.


After Pope Clement XIV, formerly a Conventual friar had ordered the merging of the province of the Franciscans, to which John Francis belonged, with the Conventuals, Father John Francis was placed in charge of the large convent in Paris and encouraged his brethren to practice the strict observance of the rule. His zeal for souls was outstanding, and he zealously guarded the rights of the Church in this troubled period of history.

When the French Revolution broke out, he was reported for permitting his priests to exercise their functions after they refused to take the infamous oath required by the government, and which was a virtual denial of their Faith. He was arrested and held captive with other priests in the convent of the Carmelites. His constancy in refusing to take the sacrilegious oath won for him a cruel martyrdom on September 2, 1792.

Acquiring a reputation as an excellent preacher, confessor, and instructor of clerics, Apollinaris of Posat was preparing to go East as a missionary.  He was in Paris studying Oriental languages when the French Revolution began. Refusing the oath, he was swiftly arrested and detained in the Carmelite convent. Born John James Morel before his entrance into religion, he was born near Fribourg in Switzerland in 1739 and received his education from the Jesuits. In 1762 he joined the Capuchins in Zug and before long became a prominent preacher, a much-sought confessor, and an eminent instructor of the young clerics of the order.  He impressed on their minds the truth that piety and learning are the two eyes of a priest, and humility was a dominating virtue in his life.  He suffered a cruel martyrdom on September 2, 1792.

Severin Girault, a member of the Third Order Regular, was a chaplain for a group of sisters in Paris. Imprisoned with the others, he was the first to die in the slaughter at the convent, a priest of the Third Order Regular, formerly George Girault, his undaunted courage merited the grace to be numbered among these martyrs of Christ. He was born at Rouen in Normandy, and early in life joined the Third Order Regular of St. Francis. Because of his eminent mental gifts, he was chosen a superior of his order. In the exercise of his priestly duties, he displayed a marked zeal for souls, and as chaplain of the convent of St. Elizabeth in Paris he was a prudent director in the ways of religious perfection.

He was also summoned to take the civil oath, and upon his refusal to do this he was seized and confined in the Carmelite convent where so many other confessors of Christ were being detained. On September 2, while he was saying his Office in the convent garden, the raving assassins made him the first victim of their cruel slaughter.

These three members of the Franciscan Order, together with 182 other servants of God who suffered martyrdom at this time, were solemnly beatified by Pope Pius XI, and the Franciscan Order was granted permission to celebrate their feast annually with an Office and special Mass.

These three plus 182 others—including several bishops and many religious and diocesan priests—were massacred at the Carmelite house in Paris on September 2, 1792. They were beatified in 1926,.John Baptist Triquerie, born in 1737, entered the Conventual Franciscans. He was chaplain and confessor of Poor Clare monasteries in three cities before he was arrested for refusing to take the oath. He and 13 diocesan priests were guillotined in Laval on January 21, 1794. He was beatified in 1955.

“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity” was the motto of the French Revolution. If individuals have “inalienable rights,” as the Declaration of Independence states, these must come not from the agreement of society (which can be very fragile/ mutable/ mercurial/ fickle/ ephemeral/ illusory) but directly from God, which the Declaration also declares with certitude and religious conviction to be the case for the United States.  At least we started out that way.

“The upheaval which occurred in France toward the close of the 18th century wrought havoc in all things sacred and profane and vented its fury against the Church and her ministers. Unscrupulous men came to power who concealed their hatred for the Church under the deceptive guise of philosophy…. It seemed that the times of the early persecutions had returned. The Church, a spotless bride of Christ, became resplendent with bright new crowns of martyrdom” (Acts of Martyrdom).

(This article is issued from Wikipedia)





роЗрой்ро▒ைроп рокுройிродро░்

(роЪெрок்роЯроо்рокро░் 2)

✠ роЕро░ுро│ாро│ро░் роЬாрой் роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕் рокுро░்роЯ் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் родோро┤ро░்роХро│்✠
(Blessed John Francis Burt├й and Companions)

рооро▒ைроЪாроЯ்роЪிроХро│்:
(Martyres)

рокிро▒рок்рокு: ----

роЗро▒рок்рокு: роЪெрок்роЯроо்рокро░் 2, 1792 рооро▒்ро▒ுроо்
роЬройро╡ро░ி 21, 1794

роПро▒்роХுроо் роЪрооропроо்:
ро░ோроорой் роХрод்родோро▓ிроХ்роХ родிро░ுроЪ்роЪрокை
(Roman Catholic Church)

роиிройைро╡ுрод் родிро░ுроиாро│்: роЪெрок்роЯроо்рокро░் 2

роЗрои்род роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│் роГрокிро░ெроЮ்роЪ் рокுро░роЯ்роЪிропாро▓் рокாродிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯро╡ро░்роХро│் роЖро╡ро░். рооро▒ைроЪாроЯ்роЪிропாроХ рооро░ிрод்род роЗро╡ро░்роХро│் роЕройைро╡ро░ுроо் ро╡ெро╡்ро╡ேро▒ு роХாро▓роХроЯ்роЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் рооро░ிрод்родிро░ுрои்родாро▓ுроо், роЗро╡ро░்роХро│родு роТро░ே роЪிрои்родройை, роЗро▓роЯ்роЪிропроо் рооро▒்ро▒ுроо் роХொро│்роХைропாро▓் родிро░ுроЪ்роЪрокைропிрой் роиிройைро╡ிро▓் роиிро▒்роХிрой்ро▒ройро░். 1791роо் роЖрог்роЯு, рокிро░ெроЮ்роЪ் родேроЪрод்родிрой் роЪிро╡ிро▓் роЕро░роЪிропро▓рооைрок்рокாройродு, роХிро▒ிро╕்родро╡ роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│ை роХிро▒ிро╕்родро╡ ро╡ிроЪுро╡ாроЪрод்родிро▒்роХு рооாро▒ாроХ роЪрод்родிроп рокிро░рооாрогроо் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ ро╡ро▓ிропுро▒ுрод்родிропродு. роЖройாро▓், роЗродройை рооро▒ுродро▓ிрод்род роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│் роЕройைро╡ро░ுроо் родூроХ்роХிро▓роЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░்.

родроородு рокродிройாро▒ு ро╡ропродிройிро▓ேропே роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் роЪрокைропிро▓் роХுро░ுрод்родுро╡роо் рокெро▒்ро▒ роЬாрой் роГрокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕் рокுро░்роЯ்роЯே, роЗро│роо் родுро▒ро╡ிропро░ுроХ்роХு роЗро▒ைропிропро▓் роХро▒்рокிрод்родாро░். рокிрой்ройро░், роХைродு роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯ்роЯு роЕроЩ்роХுро│்ро│ роХாро░்рооேро▓் роЪрокைропிрой் рокро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роЪிро▒ை ро╡ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯுроо்ро╡ро░ை, рокாро░ிро╕் роироХро░ிрой் рокро┤роо்рокெро░ுроо் родுро▒ро╡ிропро░் роороЯрод்родிрой் рокாродுроХாро╡ро▓ро░ாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро░்.

1739роо் роЖрог்роЯு, ро╕்ро╡ிроЯ்роЪро░்ро▓ாрои்родு (Switzerland) роиாроЯ்роЯிро▓் рокிро▒рои்род “роЕрокொро▓்ро▓ிройро░ிро╕்” (Appolinaris of Posat) роОрой்рокро╡ро░் “роХрокுроЪ்роЪிрой்” (Capuchins) роЪрокைропிро▓் роЗрогைрои்родாро░். роЗро╡ро░், рооро▒ைрокோродройை, роТрок்рокுро░ро╡ு, роЕро░ுроЯ்рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│ுроХ்роХு роХро▒்рокிрод்родро▓் роЖроХிропро╡ро▒்ро▒ிро▓் рокுроХро┤் рокெро▒்ро▒ு роЪிро▒рои்родு ро╡ிро│роЩ்роХிройாро░். родூро░роХிро┤роХ்роХு роиாроЯுроХро│ுроХ்роХு рооро▒ைрок்рокрогிропாро│ро░ாроХ роЪெро▓்ро╡родро▒்роХாроХ роиிропрооிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯிро░ுрои்род роЗро╡ро░், роЕродро▒்роХாрой роЖропрод்род рокрогிроХро│ிро▓் роИроЯுрокроЯ்роЯிро░ுрои்родாро░். рокாро░ிро╕் роироХро░ிро▓் “роХீро┤்род்родிроЪை рооொро┤ிроХро│ை” (Oriental languages) роХро▒்ро▒ுроХ்роХொрог்роЯிро░ுроХ்роХைропிро▓் роГрокிро░ெроЮ்роЪ் рокுро░роЯ்роЪி ро╡ெроЯிрод்родродு. роХிро▒ிро╕்родро╡ ро╡ிроЪுро╡ாроЪрод்родிро▒்роХு рооாро▒ாроХ роЪрод்родிроп рокிро░рооாрогроо் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ рооро▒ுрод்род роЗро╡ро░் роЙроЯройроЯிропாроХ роХைродு роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯ்роЯு роХாро░்рооேро▓் роЪрокைропிрой் рокро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роЪிро▒ை ро╡ைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░்.

“рооூрой்ро▒ாроо் роиிро▓ை роЪрокைропிрой்” (Third Order Regular) роЙро▒ுрок்рокிройро░ாрой роХுро░ுро╡ாройро╡ро░் “роЪெро╡ெро░ிрой் роХிро░ௌро▓்роЯ்” (Severin Girault) роОрой்рокро╡ро░், рокாро░ிро╕் роироХро░ிро▓் роЕро░ுроЯ்роЪроХோродро░ிропро░் роХுро┤ுро╡ொрой்ро▒ிро▒்роХு роХுро░ுро╡ாроХ роЗро░ுрои்родாро░். роЗро╡ро░ுроо் роХைродு роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯ்роЯு роХாро░்рооேро▓் роЪрокைропிрой் рокро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роЕроЯைроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். роХாро░்рооேро▓் рокро│்ро│ிропிро▓் роироЯрои்род ро╡родைропிро▓், рооுродро▓் роирокро░ாроХ роХொро▓்ро▓рок்рокроЯ்роЯро╡ро░ுроо் роЗро╡ро░ேропாро╡ாро░்.

рооேро▒்роХрог்роЯ рооூро╡ро░ுроЯрой், рокро▓்ро╡ேро▒ு роЖропро░்роХро│், рооро▒ைрок்рокрогிропாро│ро░்роХро│், рооро▒ைрооாро╡роЯ்роЯ роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│், роЙро│்ро│ிроЯ்роЯ 182 рокேро░் 1792роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роЪெрок்роЯроо்рокро░் рооாродроо் роЗро░рог்роЯாроо் родேродி, рокாро░ிро╕் роироХро░ிро▓ுро│்ро│ роХாро░்рооேро▓் роЪрокைропிрой் рокро│்ро│ிропிро▓், рокроЯுроХொро▓ை роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░். 1926роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роЕро╡ро░்роХро│் роЕро░ுро│ாро▓ро░்роХро│ாроХ роЕро░ுроЯ்рокொро┤ிро╡ு роЪெроп்ро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░்.

1737роо் роЖрог்роЯு рокிро▒рои்род рокிро░ாрой்роЪிро╕்роХрой் рооро▒ைрок்рокрогிропாро│ро░் “роЬாрой் рокாрок்роЯிро╕்роЯ் роЯ்ро░ிроХுро░ி” (John Baptist Triquerie), рооூрой்ро▒ு роироХро░роЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்род “роОро│ிроп роХிро│ாро░ா” (Poor Clare monasteries) родுро▒ро╡ро▒ роороЯроЩ்роХро│ிро▓் роХுро░ுро╡ாроХро╡ுроо், роТрок்рокுро░ро╡ாро│ро░ாроХро╡ுроо், рокрогிропாро▒்ро▒ிройாро░். роХிро▒ிро╕்родро╡ ро╡ிроЪுро╡ாроЪрод்родிро▒்роХு рооாро▒ாроХ роЪрод்родிроп рокிро░рооாрогроо் роОроЯுрод்родுроХ்роХொро│்ро│ рооро▒ுрод்род роХாро░рогрод்родிро▒்роХாроХ роЗро╡ро░் роХைродு роЪெроп்ропрок்рокроЯ்роЯாро░். роЗро╡ро░ுроо், роЗро╡ро░ுроЯрой் рооро▒ைрооாро╡роЯ்роЯ роХுро░ுроХ்роХро│் рокродிрой்рооூрой்ро▒ு рокேро░ுроо், 1794роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роЬройро╡ро░ி рооாродроо் 21роо் родேродி, “ро▓ாро╡ро▓்” (Laval) роироХро░ிро▓் рооро▒ைроЪாроЯ்роЪிропாроХ роХொро▓்ро▓рок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░். роЕро╡ро░்роХро│ройைро╡ро░ுроо் 1955роо் роЖрог்роЯு, роЕро░ுро│ாро▓ро░்роХро│ாроХ роЕро░ுроЯ்рокொро┤ிро╡ு роЪெроп்ро╡ிроХ்роХрок்рокроЯ்роЯройро░்.

(роЗрои்родроХ் роХроЯ்роЯுро░ை ро╡ிроХ்роХிрокீроЯிропாро╡ிро▓் роЗро░ுрои்родு ро╡ெро│ிропிроЯрок்рокроЯ்роЯродு)







Sainte du jour

(02 septembre)

✠  Bienheureux John Francis Burt├й et ses compagnons ✠

Martyrs :

N├й: ----

D├йc├йd├й : 2 septembre 1792, et
21 janvier 1794

V├йn├йr├й dans :
une ├йglise catholique romaine

F├кte : 2 septembre

Pratiquement toutes les pages de l'histoire de la R├йvolution fran├зaise sont tach├йes de sang.  Qu'est-ce qu'on appelle dans l'histoire le Massacre des Carm├йlites de 1792, qui a ajout├й pr├иs de 200 victimes ├а cette noble compagnie de martyrs ?  C'├йtaient tous des pr├кtres, s├йculiers et religieux, qui avaient refus├й de pr├кter le serment schismatique et avaient ├йt├й emprisonn├йs dans l'├йglise rattach├йe au couvent des Carm├йlites ├а Paris.  Parmi ces pr├кtres se trouvaient un conventuel, un capucin et un membre du Tiers-Ordre r├йgulier.  Ces pr├кtres ont ├йt├й victimes de la R├йvolution fran├зaise.

Bien que leur martyre s'├йtende sur une p├йriode de plusieurs ann├йes, ils se tiennent ensemble dans la m├йmoire de l'├Йglise parce qu'ils ont tous donn├й leur vie pour le m├кme principe.  La Constitution civile du clerg├й (1791) obligeait tous les pr├кtres ├а pr├кter serment, ce qui ├йquivalait ├а un reniement de la foi.  Chacun de ces hommes a refus├й et a ├йt├й ex├йcut├й.

John Francis Burte est n├й dans la ville de Rambervillers en Lorraine.  A 16 ans, il rejoint les Franciscains ├а Nancy et y prononce ├йgalement ses v┼Уux solennels.  En temps voulu, il a ordonn├й un pr├кtre et pendant quelque temps a enseign├й la th├йologie aux plus jeunes membres de l'ordre.  Il fut ├а un moment aussi sup├йrieur de son couvent.


Apr├иs que le pape Cl├йment XIV, ancien fr├иre conventuel eut ordonn├й la fusion de la province des franciscains, ├а laquelle appartenait Jean-Fran├зois, avec les conventuels, le p├иre Jean-Fran├зois fut nomm├й responsable du grand couvent de Paris et encouragea ses fr├иres ├а pratiquer la  strict respect de la r├иgle.  Son z├иle pour les ├вmes ├йtait exceptionnel, et il a gard├й avec z├иle les droits de l'├Йglise dans cette p├йriode troubl├йe de l'histoire.

Lorsque la R├йvolution fran├зaise a ├йclat├й, il a ├йt├й signal├й pour avoir permis ├а ses pr├кtres d'exercer leurs fonctions apr├иs qu'ils aient refus├й de pr├кter le serment inf├вme exig├й par le gouvernement, et qui ├йtait un d├йni virtuel de leur Foi.  Il fut arr├кt├й et retenu captif avec d'autres pr├кtres dans le couvent des Carm├йlites.  Sa constance ├а refuser de pr├кter le serment sacril├иge lui vaut un cruel martyre le 2 septembre 1792.

S├йverin Girault, membre du Tiers-Ordre R├йgulier, ├йtait aum├┤nier d'un groupe de s┼Уurs ├а Paris.  Emprisonn├й avec les autres, il fut le premier ├а mourir dans la boucherie du couvent, un pr├кtre du Tiers-Ordre R├йgulier, ancien Georges Girault, son courage intr├йpide m├йrita la gr├вce d'├кtre compt├й parmi ces martyrs du Christ.  Il est n├й ├а Rouen en Normandie et a rejoint tr├иs t├┤t le Tiers-Ordre R├йgulier de Saint-Fran├зois.  En raison de ses ├йminents dons mentaux, il fut choisi sup├йrieur de son ordre.  Dans l'exercice de ses fonctions sacerdotales, il d├йployait un z├иle marqu├й pour les ├вmes, et comme aum├┤nier du couvent Sainte-Elisabeth ├а Paris, il ├йtait un directeur prudent dans les voies de la perfection religieuse.

Il a ├йgalement ├йt├й somm├й de pr├кter le serment civil, et sur son refus de le faire, il a ├йt├й saisi et enferm├й dans le couvent des Carm├йlites o├╣ tant d'autres confesseurs du Christ ├йtaient d├йtenus.  Le 2 septembre, alors qu'il disait son Office dans le jardin du couvent, les assassins furieux firent de lui la premi├иre victime de leur cruel massacre.

Ces trois membres de l'Ordre franciscain, ainsi que 182 autres serviteurs de Dieu qui ont subi le martyre ├а cette ├йpoque, ont ├йt├й solennellement b├йatifi├йs par le pape Pie XI, et l'Ordre franciscain a ├йt├й autoris├й ├а c├йl├йbrer leur f├кte chaque ann├йe avec un office et une messe sp├йciale.

Ces trois plus 182 autres - dont plusieurs ├йv├кques et de nombreux religieux et pr├кtres dioc├йsains - furent massacr├йs ├а la maison des Carm├йlites ├а Paris le 2 septembre 1792. Ils furent b├йatifi├йs en 1926. Jean-Baptiste Triquerie, n├й en 1737, entra chez les franciscains conventuels.  Il ├йtait aum├┤nier et confesseur des monast├иres de Poor Clare dans trois villes avant d'├кtre arr├кt├й pour avoir refus├й de pr├кter serment.  Lui et 13 pr├кtres dioc├йsains sont guillotin├йs ├а Laval le 21 janvier 1794. Il est b├йatifi├й en 1955.

"Libert├й, Egalit├й, Fraternit├й" ├йtait la devise de la R├йvolution fran├зaise.  Si les individus ont des « droits inali├йnables », comme l'indique la D├йclaration d'ind├йpendance, ceux-ci doivent provenir non pas de l'accord de la soci├йt├й (qui peut ├кtre tr├иs fragile/mutable/mercuriel/volage/├йph├йm├иre/illusoire) mais directement de Dieu, ce que la D├йclaration a ├йgalement  d├йclare avec certitude et conviction religieuse que c'est le cas pour les ├Йtats-Unis.  Au moins, nous avons commenc├й comme ├зa.

« Le bouleversement qui s'est produit en France vers la fin du XVIIIe si├иcle a fait des ravages dans toutes les choses sacr├йes et profanes et a d├йvers├й sa fureur contre l'├Йglise et ses ministres.  Des hommes sans scrupules sont arriv├йs au pouvoir qui cachaient leur haine de l'├Йglise sous le couvert trompeur de la philosophie….  Il semblait que le temps des premi├иres pers├йcutions ├йtait revenu.  L'├Йglise, ├йpouse sans tache du Christ, resplendit de nouvelles couronnes brillantes de martyre » (Actes du Martyre).

(Cet article est issu de Wikipedia)

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